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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Therapy01:25

Cognitive Therapy

152
Cognitive therapy, pioneered by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s, is a structured approach to addressing psychological distress by focusing on the influence of thoughts on emotions and behaviors. All cognitive therapies involve the basic assumption that human beings have control over their feelings, and that how individuals feel about something depends on how they think about it. Unlike psychoanalytic methods that delve into unconscious processes or humanistic approaches emphasizing...
152
Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

48
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
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Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy01:24

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

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Cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBTs) are grounded in the belief that our thoughts profoundly influence our emotions and actions. Advocates of CBT emphasize three core assumptions: first, that cognitions are identifiable and measurable; second, that they are central to psychological functioning; and third, that irrational or maladaptive beliefs can be replaced with rational and adaptive ones. This transformative approach to therapy has paved the way for specific models such as Albert...
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Beck's Cognitive Therapy01:25

Beck's Cognitive Therapy

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Cognitive therapy is a psychological approach designed to address distortions in thinking, which can lead to negative emotions and unrealistic beliefs. These cognitive distortions often influence how individuals interpret and respond to situations, exacerbating emotional distress. Below are some prevalent cognitive distortions, their characteristics, and examples of how they manifest in thought processes.
Arbitrary Inference
Arbitrary inference involves making conclusions without sufficient...
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Behavior Therapy01:22

Behavior Therapy

50
Behavior therapy incorporates diverse techniques rooted in classical conditioning principles to address maladaptive behaviors and anxiety disorders. These methods aim to reduce avoidance behaviors, foster adaptive coping mechanisms, and alter associations between stimuli and responses, making them effective in a wide range of therapeutic contexts.
Exposure therapy is a cornerstone of behavioral treatment for anxiety disorders. It involves systematic exposure to feared stimuli, either in real...
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Treatment Strategies for Psychological Disorders01:24

Treatment Strategies for Psychological Disorders

132
Treatment approaches for psychological disorders fall into three main categories: psychological, biological, and sociocultural. Each approach targets different aspects of mental health, requiring varying levels of education and training.
Psychological therapies focus on modifying emotions, thoughts, and behaviors through talking, interpreting, listening, rewarding, challenging, and modeling. Clinical psychologists, counselors, and social workers commonly practice psychotherapy. Clinical...
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Related Experiment Video

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Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills
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Cognitive behavioural therapy without medication for schizophrenia.

Irene Bighelli1,2, Oğulcan Çıray3, Nurul Husna Salahuddin1

  • 1Section for Evidence-Based Medicine in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|February 7, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for schizophrenia shows potential benefits when used without antipsychotic medication, though evidence is limited. Further research is needed to confirm its safety and effectiveness.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry and Mental Health
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is effective for schizophrenia when combined with antipsychotic medication.
  • The efficacy and safety of CBT as a standalone treatment for schizophrenia, without antipsychotics, remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of CBT for schizophrenia when administered without concomitant antipsychotic medication.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic search of multiple databases (e.g., CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
  • Inclusion criteria: RCTs comparing CBT without antipsychotics to standard care, standard care without antipsychotics, or CBT with antipsychotics.
  • Data extraction and risk of bias assessment using Cochrane's RoB 2 tool; primary outcome was general mental state.

Main Results:

  • Four studies with 300 participants were included; evidence certainty was low to very low for all outcomes.
  • CBT without antipsychotics showed potential long-term benefits in reducing overall and negative symptoms compared to no specific treatment.
  • No significant differences were found between CBT without antipsychotics and antipsychotics alone, but CBT without antipsychotics was less effective for positive symptoms than combined treatment.

Conclusions:

  • This review is the first to systematically synthesize evidence on CBT without antipsychotics for schizophrenia.
  • Limited studies and low evidence certainty prevent strong conclusions; a significant proportion of participants in the 'without medication' group received antipsychotics.
  • Further high-quality RCTs are necessary to determine the feasibility and efficacy of CBT as a monotherapy for schizophrenia.