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THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC LOCKDOWN'S IMPACT ON ROUTINE CHILDHOOD VACCINATION.

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The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted routine childhood immunizations in Nineveh, Iraq, leading to missed vaccinations for thousands of infants. While coverage improved post-lockdown, it did not fully recover to pre-pandemic levels, increasing risks of preventable diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Immunization Practices

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic presented global challenges to healthcare access, notably impacting routine childhood vaccination programs.
  • Mandatory infant immunizations are critical for preventing infectious diseases and ensuring child survival.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the frequency and extent of intentionally delayed infant immunizations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nineveh, Iraq.
  • To analyze vaccination coverage rates for infants up to 12 months old before, during, and after the pandemic's peak impact.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective observational study analyzed vaccination data from Nineveh, Iraq.
  • Data encompassed pre-pandemic (2019), pandemic (2020), and subsequent periods (2021-2022), covering all standard infant vaccination schedules.
  • Vaccination visits during the March-May 2020 lockdown were compared to the same period in 2019.

Main Results:

  • A 18.5% decrease in vaccination visits occurred during the March-May 2020 lockdown, with approximately 2726 children daily missing immunizations.
  • All scheduled vaccines for infants under 12 months showed decreased coverage, with the lowest rates observed in March 2020 (61.0%).
  • Specific vaccine coverages in March 2020 included IPV (70.25%), BCG (70.39%), Pentavalent (70.98%), HBV (74.33%), OPV (79.3%), Measles (79.45%), and MMR (87.34%).

Conclusions:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic had a substantial negative effect on childhood immunization rates in Nineveh, Iraq.
  • Although vaccination coverage showed recovery in subsequent months, it failed to reach pre-pandemic 2019 levels.
  • Disruptions in vaccination schedules increase infants' vulnerability to preventable infectious diseases, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to improve immunization uptake and service delivery.