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Hymenopteran parasitoid complex and fall armyworm: a case study in eastern India.

Subhajit Pal1, Swarnali Bhattacharya2, Tapamay Dhar3

  • 1Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, Birbhum, West Bengal, 731235, India.

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|February 18, 2024
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Summary

Fall armyworm (FAW) significantly impacts maize crops. Utilizing endemic parasitoid wasps offers a sustainable, cost-effective agroecological strategy for FAW control, reducing reliance on chemical insecticides.

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Entomology
  • Pest Management
  • Ecology

Background:

  • The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) invasion in India since 2018 has severely impacted maize production, affecting crop yields and farmer incomes.
  • Inappropriate insecticide use by farmers exacerbates environmental pollution, health risks, and production costs, hindering sustainable pest control.
  • FAW causes maximum damage during the early whorl stage of maize growth, irrespective of chemical interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of fall armyworm on maize crops in the Indian Eastern Gangetic Plains.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of natural parasitoids as a sustainable control method against FAW.
  • To identify dominant parasitoid species and their role in FAW management.

Main Methods:

  • Field surveys were conducted across the Indian Eastern Gangetic Plains to observe FAW infestation and associated parasitoids.
  • FAW egg masses and larvae were collected from both insecticide-treated and untreated maize fields.
  • Hymenopteran parasitoid species attacking FAW were identified and quantified.

Main Results:

  • High parasitism rates of FAW were observed in untreated fields, indicating the presence of effective natural enemies.
  • Insecticide application significantly reduced parasitism rates of FAW.
  • Ten hymenopteran parasitoid species, including two egg parasitoids and eight larval parasitoids, were identified, with Telenomus cf. remus and Microplitis manilae being dominant.

Conclusions:

  • Endemic FAW parasitoids are crucial for sustainable and cost-effective agroecological management of fall armyworm in maize.
  • Integrating natural parasitoids into pest management strategies can reduce chemical insecticide dependence, environmental impact, and production costs.
  • Further research and implementation of these natural biological control agents are recommended for effective FAW suppression.