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Hydroxychloroquine Induced Cardiotoxicity: A Case Series
Artur Schneider1, Jonna Sadhana2, Maximiliano Diaz Menindez1
11Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
Summary
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) cardiotoxicity is a rare condition from chronic use, causing cardiomyopathy. Prompt diagnosis and stopping the drug are crucial to prevent disease progression.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Toxicology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is frequently used for autoimmune conditions.
- Chronic HCQ use can lead to a rare but serious cardiotoxicity.
- This cardiotoxicity manifests as a drug-induced cardiomyopathy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the clinical features and diagnostic findings of HCQ-induced cardiotoxicity.
- To highlight the importance of early recognition and intervention.
- To present a case series of biopsy-proven HCQ cardiotoxicity.
Main Methods:
- Descriptive case series of ten patients.
- Review of patient history, physical examinations, and advanced imaging.
- Inclusion of endomyocardial biopsy results for definitive diagnosis.
Main Results:
- All ten patients were diagnosed with biopsy-proven HCQ cardiotoxicity.
- Cardiotoxicity was associated with chronic HCQ use.
- The underlying mechanism involves acquired lysosomal storage defects.
Conclusions:
- Early recognition of HCQ cardiotoxicity is essential.
- Discontinuation of HCQ is the primary treatment.
- Endomyocardial biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis.
