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A Secure Dual-Layer Fault Protection Strategy for Distribution Network with DERs: Enhancing Security in the Face of

Wael Al Hanaineh¹, Jose Matas¹, Josep M Guerrero²

¹Electric Engineering Department, Polytechnic University of Catalonia (EEBE-UPC), 08019 Barcelona, Spain.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|February 24, 2024

Summary

This study introduces a dual-layer protection system for distribution systems, offering robust fault detection even during communication failures. The system ensures reliable grid protection through adaptive algorithms and local data processing.

Keywords:

SOGI-FLL fault protection sequence components total harmonic distortion

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Area of Science:

Electrical Engineering
Power Systems Protection

Background:

Traditional protection methods in distribution systems rely heavily on communication channels, leaving them vulnerable to communication failures.
Existing solutions lack redundancy when communication links are compromised, potentially leading to extended outages.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a novel dual-layer protection system for distribution systems that ensures secure fault detection and isolation, even during communication failures.
To enhance grid reliability by providing a communication-independent backup protection mechanism.

Main Methods:

The first layer employs an adaptive algorithm based on Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), voltage amplitude estimates, and zero-sequence components, coordinated via communication protocols.
A Second-Order Generalized Integrator (SOGI) is utilized for rapid estimation of grid voltage variables.
The second layer uses local positive- and negative-sequence voltage components for fault location and isolation, activating automatically upon communication failure detection.

Main Results:

The THD-based first layer demonstrated fast fault detection with response times between 6 to 8.5 ms.
The sequence-based second layer provided a backup protection response time of approximately 150 ms.
Simulations and experimental results on an IEEE 9-bus system validated the system's capability to detect and isolate various fault types under different conditions.

Conclusions:

The proposed dual-layer system offers a reliable and secure protection scheme for distribution systems, effectively addressing communication failure vulnerabilities.
The system provides both fast primary protection and a robust communication-independent backup, significantly improving grid resilience.