[Acute hypercalcemia syndrome in sarcoidosis]

Area of Science:

• Internal Medicine
• Endocrinology
• Nephrology

Background:

• Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease that can affect multiple organs.
• Hypercalcemia is a potential complication of sarcoidosis, often linked to vitamin D dysregulation.

Observation:

• A patient presented with acute abdomen symptoms including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation, renal failure, polyuria, and polydipsia.
• Investigations revealed generalized sarcoidosis as the underlying cause.

Findings:

• The patient's symptoms were attributed to calcium intoxication syndrome.
• Treatment with prednisone led to rapid regression of all pathological findings.
• Elevated levels of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol indicated a disorder in vitamin D metabolism.

Implications:

• This case highlights the importance of considering sarcoidosis in patients with hypercalcemia and acute abdominal symptoms.
• Understanding the role of vitamin D metabolism in sarcoidosis-related hypercalcemia is crucial for effective management.
• Early diagnosis and treatment with corticosteroids can reverse severe complications of hypercalcemia in sarcoidosis.