Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

58.4K
In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
58.4K
Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

Anatomy of the Intestines

71.9K
Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
71.9K
Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine01:29

Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine

445
The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
445

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Early postoperative onset of immune thrombocytopenia in rheumatoid arthritis with concomitant systemic lupus erythematosus: A case report.

Modern rheumatology case reports·2026
Same author

Pre-corticosteroid delusional psychosis and olanzapine-responsive behavioral dyscontrol in autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy: A case report.

PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences·2026
Same author

Serum Selenium Concentration in Neurosurgery Patients Receiving Parenteral Nutrition.

Journal of Nippon Medical School = Nippon Ika Daigaku zasshi·2026
Same author

Survey on awareness of sleep medicine among members of the Japanese Society of Neurology.

Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology·2026
Same author

Real-world achievement of higher standards for migraine prevention with CGRP monoclonal antibodies.

Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache·2026
Same author

Stochastic Forces in Microbial Community Assembly: Founding Community Size Governs Divergent Ecological Trajectories.

Ecology letters·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Microbiota of Attine Ants' Gardens: Visualizing a Microbial Landscape by Scanning Electron Microscopy
07:00

Microbiota of Attine Ants' Gardens: Visualizing a Microbial Landscape by Scanning Electron Microscopy

Published on: October 4, 2024

590

Deterministic and stochastic processes generating alternative states of microbiomes.

Ibuki Hayashi1, Hiroaki Fujita1, Hirokazu Toju1,2,3

  • 1Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2133, Japan.

ISME Communications
|February 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Microbiome structure diverges into reproducible states due to both deterministic and stochastic ecological processes. This reveals how environmental factors and random fluctuations shape microbial communities and their functions.

Keywords:
alternative stable statesbiodiversitycommunity assemblydysbiosisenterotypesmicrobiome dynamicsmultiple stabilitytransient dynamics

More Related Videos

Microbial Communities in Nature and Laboratory - Interview
29:13

Microbial Communities in Nature and Laboratory - Interview

Published on: May 28, 2007

6.2K
Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
11:22

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

28.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Microbiota of Attine Ants' Gardens: Visualizing a Microbial Landscape by Scanning Electron Microscopy
07:00

Microbiota of Attine Ants' Gardens: Visualizing a Microbial Landscape by Scanning Electron Microscopy

Published on: October 4, 2024

590
Microbial Communities in Nature and Laboratory - Interview
29:13

Microbial Communities in Nature and Laboratory - Interview

Published on: May 28, 2007

6.2K
Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
11:22

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

28.0K

Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Microbiology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Microbiome structure is often classified into discrete types with distinct functional profiles.
  • Understanding the mechanisms behind microbiome
  • alternative states
  • is a key challenge in ecology and microbiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the ecological processes driving the divergence of microbiome compositions into alternative states.
  • To determine the roles of deterministic and stochastic factors in microbiome assembly.

Main Methods:

  • Time-series analysis of species-rich, soil-derived microbiomes introduced into eight different culture media.
  • Monitoring community composition shifts across 2304 samples (8 media × 48 replicates × 6 time points).
  • Reference-genome-based analysis to assess functional differences between microbiome states.

Main Results:

  • Microbial community structures reproducibly diverged into a few distinct state types within each medium condition.
  • Evidence supports the simultaneous influence of selective forces (deterministic processes) and demographic drift (stochastic processes).
  • Alternative microbiome states exhibited differences in ecosystem-level functions.

Conclusions:

  • Both deterministic and stochastic ecological processes are crucial drivers of microbiome alternative states.
  • Microbiome structure and function can be modulated by altering environmental stability landscapes.
  • Findings provide insights into controlling microbiome assembly and function.