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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Quantifying Arms and Legs Contributions during Repetitive Electrically-Assisted Sit-To-Stand Exercise in Paraplegics: A Pilot Study
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"Knees Out" or "Knees In"? Volitional Lateral vs. Medial Hip Rotation During Barbell Squats.

Loren Z F Chiu1

  • 1Neuromusculoskeletal Mechanics Research Program, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
|February 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Barbell squats involve hip rotation, affecting muscle forces. Volitional lateral hip rotation reduces extensor and lateral rotator moments while increasing adductor moments, potentially loading the adductor magnus.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Kinesiology
  • Strength and Conditioning

Background:

  • Barbell squats can involve medial or lateral hip rotation.
  • Hip rotation influences frontal and transverse plane hip moments.
  • Understanding these moments is crucial for optimizing squat mechanics and injury prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of volitional medial and lateral hip rotation on hip net joint moments (NJM) during barbell squats.
  • To determine how altered hip rotation affects the loading of key hip muscles, including the gluteus maximus and adductor magnus.

Main Methods:

  • 3-dimensional motion capture and force platform measurements were used to calculate hip NJM.
  • Male and female subjects performed squats with normal, volitional medial, and volitional lateral hip rotation.
  • Statistical significance was determined using Bonferroni-corrected pairwise comparisons.

Main Results:

  • Normal squats required hip extensor, adductor, and lateral rotator NJM.
  • Lateral rotation squats showed decreased hip extensor and lateral rotator NJM, and increased hip adductor NJM.
  • Medial rotation squats demonstrated decreased hip extensor and adductor NJM, and increased hip lateral rotator NJM.

Conclusions:

  • Altering hip rotation during squats significantly modifies hip joint moments.
  • Lateral rotation may preferentially load the adductor magnus.
  • Medial rotation may shift loading towards the gluteus maximus.