Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Overview of Lipid Metabolism01:24

Overview of Lipid Metabolism

1.5K
Lipid metabolism is a crucial process in the human body that involves the synthesis and degradation of lipids. This process is essential for energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone production, among other functions.
Lipolysis: The Breakdown of Lipids:
Lipolysis is the process of breaking down lipids, particularly triglycerides, into glycerol and fatty acids. This process typically occurs in the adipose tissue and is triggered by various hormones, including glucagon and...
1.5K
Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders01:20

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders

354
Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
354
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

10.3K
A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
10.3K
The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane01:28

The Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

3.4K
The inner mitochondrial membrane is the primary site of ATP synthesis. The inner membrane domain that forms a smooth layer adjacent to the outer membrane is called the inner boundary membrane. This domain contains membrane transporters that drive metabolites in and out of the mitochondria.  In contrast, the inner membrane network that invaginates into the matrix space is called the cristae membrane. This domain accounts for principle mitochondrial function as it accommodates the protein...
3.4K
Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

3.1K
Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
3.1K
Inborn Errors of Metabolism01:20

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

158
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a protein metabolism disorder characterized by high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. This results from a mutation in the gene responsible for phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this enzyme is deficient, phenylalanine builds up in the blood, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, rashes, seizures, growth deficiency, and severe mental retardation. An early diagnosis and a diet restricting phenylalanine intake...
158

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evaluation of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control Public Service Advertisement on the Awareness and Attitude Change among Urban Population in Chongqing, China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

International journal of environmental research and public health·2017
Same author

A transfer learning approach to goodness of pronunciation based automatic mispronunciation detection.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·2017
Same author

Lightweight, Mesoporous, and Highly Absorptive All-Nanofiber Aerogel for Efficient Solar Steam Generation.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2017
Same author

The antioxidant effects of riluzole on the APRE-19 celll model injury-induced by t-BHP.

BMC ophthalmology·2017
Same author

Nischarin-siRNA delivered by polyethylenimine-alginate nanoparticles accelerates motor function recovery after spinal cord injury.

Neural regeneration research·2017
Same author

Magnetron Sputtering Deposition Cu@Onion-like N-C as High-Performance Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2017
Same journal

HDL resuscitates cells from ferroptosis.

Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM·2026
Same journal

2-Methylbutyrylcarnitine (2MBC).

Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM·2026
Same journal

Decoding growth hormone actions on human growth plate stem cells.

Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM·2026
Same journal

Androgen loss backfires: Brain gate for tumor immunity.

Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM·2026
Same journal

Glucocorticoid resistance-induced inflammation drives cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome pathophysiology.

Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM·2026
Same journal

Hippo signalling in cellular and tissue-level metabolism across health and disease.

Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
09:40

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle

Published on: January 19, 2017

11.7K

Mitochondrial dysfunction in lipid processing and gastrointestinal disorders.

Yan Hu1, Hao Huang2, Rong Xiang2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education (MOE), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM
|February 28, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochondrial dysfunction in the gut lining impacts nutrient absorption. Researchers studied mice lacking a key mitochondrial enzyme, revealing how this affects dietary fat processing and leads to gastrointestinal issues.

Keywords:
DARS2gastrointestinal disorderslipid processingmitochondriamitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (mt-AaRSs)

More Related Videos

A Fluorescence-based Assay for Characterization and Quantification of Lipid Droplet Formation in Human Intestinal Organoids
10:12

A Fluorescence-based Assay for Characterization and Quantification of Lipid Droplet Formation in Human Intestinal Organoids

Published on: October 13, 2019

9.1K
Experimental Protocol for Detecting Mitochondrial Function in Hepatocytes Exposed to Organochlorine Pesticides
08:39

Experimental Protocol for Detecting Mitochondrial Function in Hepatocytes Exposed to Organochlorine Pesticides

Published on: September 16, 2020

8.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
09:40

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle

Published on: January 19, 2017

11.7K
A Fluorescence-based Assay for Characterization and Quantification of Lipid Droplet Formation in Human Intestinal Organoids
10:12

A Fluorescence-based Assay for Characterization and Quantification of Lipid Droplet Formation in Human Intestinal Organoids

Published on: October 13, 2019

9.1K
Experimental Protocol for Detecting Mitochondrial Function in Hepatocytes Exposed to Organochlorine Pesticides
08:39

Experimental Protocol for Detecting Mitochondrial Function in Hepatocytes Exposed to Organochlorine Pesticides

Published on: September 16, 2020

8.0K

Area of Science:

  • Mitochondrial biology and genetics
  • Gastroenterology and digestive diseases
  • Molecular mechanisms of metabolic disorders

Background:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunctions are primary drivers of encephalomyopathies, causing muscle atrophy and neurodegeneration.
  • The specific role of mitochondria within the gastrointestinal tract, especially in nutrient processing, remains less understood.
  • Enterocytic mitochondrial health is crucial for maintaining digestive system function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of enterocytic mitochondria in dietary lipid processing and transport.
  • To elucidate the consequences of impaired mitochondrial function in the gut lining.
  • To understand the link between specific mitochondrial defects and gastrointestinal disorder development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a mouse model genetically engineered to be deficient in the mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase DARS2.
  • Analyzed the impact of DARS2 deficiency on mitochondrial function within intestinal epithelial cells (enterocytes).
  • Assessed alterations in dietary lipid processing and transport mechanisms in the context of mitochondrial dysfunction.

Main Results:

  • Mice lacking functional DARS2 exhibited significant mitochondrial dysfunction in enterocytes.
  • This dysfunction impaired the processing and transport of dietary lipids within the gastrointestinal tract.
  • The study identified a direct link between enterocytic mitochondrial defects and the manifestation of gastrointestinal disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Enterocytic mitochondria play a critical role in the proper digestion and absorption of dietary fats.
  • Defects in mitochondrial enzymes like DARS2 can lead to gastrointestinal pathologies.
  • This research highlights mitochondrial dysfunction as a potential underlying cause for various digestive diseases.