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Association between urban upbringing and functional brain connectivity in schizophrenia
Vittal Korann1,2, Umesh Thonse3, Ranjini Garani4,5
1Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada.
Indian Journal of Psychiatry
|February 29, 2024
Summary
Urban upbringing impacts brain connectivity in schizophrenia patients and healthy individuals. This study reveals specific brain regions affected, offering insights into schizophrenia
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
- Environmental Health
Background:
- Urban upbringing is a known risk factor for schizophrenia (SCZ).
- Biological mechanisms linking urban environments to SCZ remain unclear.
- The impact of urbanicity on brain connectivity in SCZ is unexamined.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between urban birth and upbringing and functional brain connectivity.
- To explore these associations in both SCZ patients and healthy volunteers (HV).
Main Methods:
- Secondary analysis of three studies (87 SCZ patients, 70 HV).
- Calculation of a developmental urbanicity index.
- Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with seed-region of interest (ROI) connectivity analysis.
Main Results:
- Significant association found between urbanicity and functional connectivity in SCZ patients and HV.
- In SCZ patients, urbanicity correlated with connectivity in regions including the caudate, ACC, and amygdala.
- Affected regions are involved in reward processing and social cognition.
Conclusions:
- Urban birth and upbringing significantly affect functional brain connectivity in SCZ.
- Findings highlight the role of urbanicity in SCZ pathophysiology.
- Assessing social cognition may enhance understanding of SCZ impairments.
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