Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

2.4K
Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
2.4K
Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution01:10

Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution

3.4K
For any given polymer, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is higher than, if not equal to, the number average molecular weight (Mn). The only situation in which the weight average molecular weight and the number average molecular weight are equal is when a polymer consists only of chains with equal molecular weight. However, this never happens in a synthetic polymer, since it is difficult to control the polymerization process up to a molecular level with accuracy to a hundred percent.
3.4K
Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

2.5K
Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
2.5K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

2.1K
Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists...
2.1K
Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

2.2K
Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
2.2K
Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers01:00

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers

3.0K
Polymers that are made up of identical monomer units are called homopolymers. Only one repeating unit is involved in the construction of the homopolymer structure. For example, as depicted in Figure 1, polypropylene is a homopolymer constituted of propylene monomers. Here, the only repeating unit in the polymer chain is propylene.
3.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same authorSame journal

Absolute Molar Mass Determination in Mixed Solvents. 3. Accuracy of ∂<i>n</i>/∂<i>c</i> Values Obtained by Assuming 100% SEC Mass Recovery.

Chromatographia·2026
Same author

Richard B. Cole-Reminiscences Upon the Occasion of His Retirement From Sorbonne Université.

Mass spectrometry reviews·2025
Same author

On-line coupling of hollow-fiber flow field-flow fractionation and depolarized multi-angle static light scattering (HF5/D-MALS). Proof of principle.

Journal of chromatography. A·2024
Same author

Size-Exclusion Chromatography: A Twenty-First Century Perspective.

Chromatographia·2023
Same author

Absolute molar mass determination in mixed solvents. 2. SEC/MALS/DRI in a mix of two "nearly-isovirial" solvents.

Analytica chimica acta·2022
Same author

Multi-detector hydrodynamic chromatography of colloids: following in Hamish Small's footsteps.

Heliyon·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Characterization of Proteins by Size-Exclusion Chromatography Coupled to Multi-Angle Light Scattering SEC-MALS
10:00

Characterization of Proteins by Size-Exclusion Chromatography Coupled to Multi-Angle Light Scattering SEC-MALS

Published on: June 20, 2019

54.6K

Characterizing Styrene Monomer and Oligomers by SEC/MALS/VISC/DRI.

André M Striegel1

  • 1Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, MS 8390, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8390, USA.

Chromatographia
|March 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accurate polymer analysis requires understanding the specific refractive index increment of styrene oligomers. This study quantifies this parameter, improving polymer characterization and regulatory compliance for polystyrene production.

Keywords:
Light scatteringRefractometrySize-exclusion chromatographySpecific refractive index incrementStyrene oligomersViscometry

More Related Videos

Characterization of Synthetic Polymers via Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry
06:56

Characterization of Synthetic Polymers via Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 10, 2018

25.3K
Synthesis of Terpolymers at Mild Temperatures Using Dynamic Sulfur Bonds in PolyS-Divinylbenzene
09:16

Synthesis of Terpolymers at Mild Temperatures Using Dynamic Sulfur Bonds in PolyS-Divinylbenzene

Published on: May 20, 2019

7.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Characterization of Proteins by Size-Exclusion Chromatography Coupled to Multi-Angle Light Scattering SEC-MALS
10:00

Characterization of Proteins by Size-Exclusion Chromatography Coupled to Multi-Angle Light Scattering SEC-MALS

Published on: June 20, 2019

54.6K
Characterization of Synthetic Polymers via Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry
06:56

Characterization of Synthetic Polymers via Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 10, 2018

25.3K
Synthesis of Terpolymers at Mild Temperatures Using Dynamic Sulfur Bonds in PolyS-Divinylbenzene
09:16

Synthesis of Terpolymers at Mild Temperatures Using Dynamic Sulfur Bonds in PolyS-Divinylbenzene

Published on: May 20, 2019

7.7K

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Global polystyrene (PS) production exceeds 27 million metric tons annually, with significant international trade.
  • Commercial PS often contains oligomers, affecting processing, end-use properties, health impacts, and regulatory classification.
  • Accurate quantitation of oligomers via size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) is hindered by the variable specific refractive index increment (∂n/∂c) in the oligomeric region.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To accurately determine the specific refractive index increment (∂n/∂c) for styrene oligomers across a range of polymerization degrees.
  • To investigate the impact of varying ∂n/∂c on polymer characterization, including mass fraction and molar mass averages.
  • To assess the influence of chromatographic parameters on resolution and to determine intrinsic viscosity and viscometric radius of oligomers.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a multi-detector size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) system incorporating differential refractometry, multi-angle static light scattering, and differential viscometry.
  • Measured the ∂n/∂c for n-butyl terminated styrene oligomers from monomer to hexamer, and a hexadecamer.
  • Examined the effects of injection volume, flow rate, and temperature on chromatographic resolution.

Main Results:

  • Observed significant variations in the ∂n/∂c parameter with increasing degree of polymerization.
  • Found that the ∂n/∂c of styrene monomer is less than half that of polystyrene polymer under identical conditions.
  • Successfully determined intrinsic viscosity and viscometric radius for monomer and oligomers using the integrated viscometer.

Conclusions:

  • The non-constancy of ∂n/∂c in the oligomeric region significantly impacts polystyrene characterization.
  • Accurate determination of ∂n/∂c is crucial for precise quantification of oligomers and reliable determination of polymer properties.
  • The multi-detector SEC approach provides essential data for improved polystyrene analysis, processing, and regulatory compliance.