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Association between Residential Greenness and Allostatic Load: A Cohort Study.

Ka Yan Lai^1,2, Sarika Kumari¹, John Gallacher³

¹Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.

Environmental Science & Technology

|March 4, 2024

Summary

Living in greener areas is linked to lower allostatic load (AL), a measure of the body's wear and tear. This study highlights the protective health benefits of residential greenness for overall well-being.

Keywords:

UK Biobank allostatic load physical activity residential greenness

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Area of Science:

Environmental Health
Public Health
Biostatistics

Background:

Allostatic load (AL) represents physiological burden and predicts chronic disease, but its link to residential greenness is understudied.
Understanding environmental determinants of AL is crucial for public health strategies.
Previous research has not extensively explored the quantitative association between neighborhood vegetation and physiological stress markers.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between residential greenness and allostatic load (AL) in a large UK population.
To quantify the relationship between Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and composite measures of physiological burden.
To explore potential mediators, such as physical activity, in the greenness-AL relationship.

Main Methods:

Utilized UK Biobank data from 212,600 participants (2007-2010).
Modeled residential greenness using high-resolution NDVI within a 0.5 km radial catchment.
Calculated AL from 13 biomarkers across metabolic, cardiovascular, inflammatory, liver, and kidney systems.
Employed multilevel mixed-effects generalized linear models to analyze the association.

Main Results:

Each interquartile range (IQR) increase in NDVI greenness was associated with a significant reduction in AL (β = -0.28, 95% CI = -0.55, -0.01).
Participants in the highest quintile of greenness showed substantially lower AL compared to the lowest quintile (β = -0.64, 95% CI = -1.02, -0.26).
Physical activity mediated a small proportion (3.2%) of the association between greenness and AL.

Conclusions:

Residential greenness demonstrates a protective association with allostatic load.
Increased exposure to neighborhood vegetation may contribute to reduced physiological wear and tear.
Findings support the integration of green space considerations into urban planning and public health initiatives for improved population health.