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Association between ambient temperature and mammalian-related injuries in Guangzhou, China, 2014-2019
Jia-Jun Ma1, Ze-Jie Xu1, Boheng Liang2
1State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
Background:
Meteorological factors are associated with various health outcomes. However, it remains uncertain whether ambient temperature affects animal aggressive behaviors and causes mammalian-related injuries (MRI) in humans. The study aimed to examine the effect of daily mean temperature on MRI in Guangzhou, China.
Methods:
Individual cases of MRI were obtained from Guangzhou Injury Surveillance System during 2014-2019. A combination of a distributed lag nonlinear model and conditional quasi-Poisson regression, implemented within a time-stratified case-crossover design, was employed to evaluate the association between temperature and MRI. Subgroup analyses were conducted by sex, age group, education level, and types of mammals.
Result:
This study included 24,206 MRI cases among which 89.7 % were caused by cats or dogs. We observed a nonlinear relationship between daily mean temperature and MRI. The impact of high temperatures was most pronounced on the current day and remained statistically significant on the next day. Compared with the reference temperature with a minimum risk of injuries (9.3 °C, approximately 2nd percentile of temperature), 75th percentile of temperature (27.4 °C) exerted the greatest relative risk (RR) of injuries (RR = 1.45, 95 % CI: 1.25-1.68) over lag 0-1 days. In subgroup analyses, the effects of high temperatures among males and females were similar. Individuals aged 15-34 years and 35-59 years were more susceptible to MRI at high temperatures compared to other age groups. The risk of injuries caused by cats or dogs consistently increased with high temperatures. We did not find significant impacts of low temperatures.
Conclusion:
Short-term heat exposure plays an important role in the occurrence of MRI. The findings highlight the importance of enhancing public awareness regarding the high temperature-associated hazards posed by mammals. There is a need for enhanced regulations and measures on the management for cats and dogs to mitigate the harm caused in hot seasons.
Insights
High temperatures increase the risk of mammalian-related injuries (MRI), particularly from cats and dogs. Public awareness and pet management are crucial during hot weather to prevent these injuries.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Meteorological factors influence health outcomes, but the link between ambient temperature and mammalian-related injuries (MRI) is unclear.
- This study investigated the association between daily mean temperature and MRI in Guangzhou, China.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the effect of ambient temperature on the incidence of mammalian-related injuries (MRI).
- To identify specific temperature thresholds and lag effects associated with increased MRI risk.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a time-stratified case-crossover design with a distributed lag nonlinear model and conditional quasi-Poisson regression.
- Analyzed 24,206 MRI cases from the Guangzhou Injury Surveillance System (2014-2019).
- Conducted subgroup analyses based on sex, age, education, and mammal type.
Main Results:
- A nonlinear relationship was observed between daily mean temperature and MRI, with high temperatures posing the greatest risk.
- The 75th percentile of temperature (27.4°C) showed the highest relative risk (RR=1.45) for MRI over lag 0-1 days.
- Injuries from cats and dogs significantly increased with higher temperatures, especially in adults aged 15-59 years. Low temperatures did not show significant impacts.
Conclusions:
- Short-term heat exposure is a significant factor in the occurrence of mammalian-related injuries (MRI).
- Increased public awareness of high-temperature hazards associated with mammals is essential.
- Enhanced regulations for pet (cat and dog) management are needed to reduce injuries during hot seasons.
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