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Risk of Infective Endocarditis in Streptococcus mitis Bloodstream Infections Among Patients with Neutropenia from

Miranda Monk1, Nikitha R Patel1, Ramy Elshaboury1

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Open Forum Infectious Diseases
|March 7, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Streptococcus mitis bloodstream infections (BSIs) rarely cause infective endocarditis (IE) in neutropenic patients. This study found no IE cases among 210 patients with neutropenia and S. mitis BSI, though some experienced recurrent infections.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • * *Streptococcus mitis* is a common cause of bloodstream infections (BSIs) in patients with neutropenia.
  • * Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare but serious complication of BSIs, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the incidence of *Streptococcus mitis* infective endocarditis (IE) in neutropenic patients.
  • * To assess the cardiac outcomes and recurrence rates of BSIs in this patient population.

Main Methods:

  • * Retrospective analysis of 210 neutropenic patients with *S. mitis* BSIs.
  • * Review of cardiac imaging results for patients who underwent the procedure.
  • * Monitoring of patients for recurrent BSIs within 12 weeks.

Main Results:

  • * None of the 210 patients with neutropenia and *S. mitis* BSI were diagnosed with IE.
  • * 55% of the patients underwent cardiac imaging.
  • * Three patients experienced recurrent *S. mitis* BSIs within 12 weeks.

Conclusions:

  • * *Streptococcus mitis* IE is exceedingly rare in neutropenic patients.
  • * Neutropenic patients with *S. mitis* BSIs have a low risk of developing IE.
  • * Recurrent BSIs are a possibility that warrants monitoring in this population.
Keywords:
Streptococcus mitisbloodstream infectionendocarditishematologic malignancyneutropenia

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