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Popular Diets and Kidney Stones
Sara Zayed1, David S Goldfarb2, Shivam Joshi3
1New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY.
Advances in Kidney Disease and Health
|March 7, 2024
Summary
Popular diets impact kidney stone risk. Plant-based diets may offer protection, while carbohydrate-restricted diets could increase risk. Focus on whole plant foods and adequate calcium for kidney stone prevention.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Nutrition Science
- Dietary Medicine
Background:
- Dietary patterns significantly influence the risk of developing kidney stones (nephrolithiasis).
- Understanding the impact of popular diets on kidney stone formation is crucial for patient guidance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the potential effects of various popular dietary patterns on nephrolithiasis risk.
- To provide evidence-based dietary recommendations for kidney stone prevention.
Main Methods:
- Review of scientific literature on popular diets and their association with kidney stone risk factors.
- Analysis of dietary components such as plant-based foods, animal proteins, calcium, fat, oxalate, fructose, and sodium.
Main Results:
- Plant-based diets (e.g., Mediterranean, vegetarian) rich in unprocessed foods may protect against kidney stones.
- Carbohydrate-restricted diets (including ketogenic and high-protein) may elevate kidney stone risk.
- Adequate calcium intake and hydration are associated with lower risk, while high fat and processed food consumption increase risk.
Conclusions:
- A diet emphasizing whole plant foods, particularly fruits and vegetables, is recommended for kidney stone prevention.
- Minimizing animal protein and processed food intake is advised.
- Strategic consumption of calcium and managing fat and oxalate intake are key components of a kidney-friendly diet.
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