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CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS IN IGUANIDS WITH SODIUM URATE CHOLELITHIASIS
Paula Rodriguez1, Danielle K Tarbert2, Frank Ridgley3
1William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Summary
Sodium urate cholelithiasis, a condition causing gallstones, was diagnosed in green and blue iguanas. This reptilian gallstone disease can lead to significant liver and biliary issues.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Reptile Pathology
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Sodium urate cholelithiasis is a rare condition, with limited information on its occurrence in reptiles.
- Gallstones can cause significant health issues in various animal species.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report the first cases of sodium urate cholelithiasis in reptiles.
- To describe the clinical and pathological findings associated with this condition in iguanas.
- To emphasize the importance of evaluating the biliary system in reptiles with relevant clinical signs.
Main Methods:
- Case series involving five iguanas (four green, one blue) from five facilities.
- Diagnosis through antemortem ultrasonography and postmortem necropsy.
- Histopathological examination of liver, biliary system, and pancreas.
Main Results:
- Sodium urate cholelithiasis diagnosed in all five iguanas.
- One case treated surgically (choledochotomy) after antemortem diagnosis.
- Necropsy revealed hepatic and biliary changes in four cases, including fibrosis, bile duct hyperplasia, and cholangiohepatitis.
- Renal changes noted in two iguanas.
Conclusions:
- This is the first report of sodium urate cholelithiasis in reptiles.
- Sodium urate cholelithiasis can cause significant clinical disease in iguanas.
- Further research into the pathogenesis of reptilian sodium urate cholelith formation is warranted.
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