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Retinal changes in multiple sclerosis: An optical coherence tomography and angiography study.

S Mrabet1, Y Falfoul2, M Bouassida3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Clinical Investigation Centre Neurosciences and Mental Health LR 18SP03, Razi University Hospital - Manouba, 2010 Tunis, Tunisia; Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia.

Revue Neurologique
|March 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-angiography (OCT-A) reveal thinner retinal layers and reduced vascular density in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, correlating with disease severity and visual function.

Keywords:
BiomarkerMultiple sclerosisOCT-AngiographyOptical coherence tomographyPrognosis

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system autoimmune disease causing neuroaxonal damage and disability.
  • Visual symptoms, including optic neuritis (ON), are common in MS.
  • Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-angiography (OCT-A) are advanced imaging techniques for assessing retinal changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate structural and microvascular retinal changes in MS patients with and without a history of ON.
  • To correlate these retinal findings with visual function and MS disability.
  • To explore OCT and OCT-A as potential biomarkers for MS severity.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving MS patients and healthy controls.
  • Neurological assessment including Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS).
  • Ophthalmological examination using OCT for retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL++) thickness, and OCT-A for retinal vascular density.

Main Results:

  • MS patients showed decreased RNFL and GCL++ thickness compared to controls.
  • Retinal layer thinning was more pronounced in MS patients with a history of ON.
  • OCT-A revealed reduced vascular density in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) in MS patients.
  • Correlations were found between RNFL thickness and vascular density, visual acuity and choriocapillaris (CC) density, and EDSS/MSSS scores with CC density and RNFL/GCL++ thicknesses.

Conclusions:

  • Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCL++) layers are thinner in MS patients, especially those with prior optic neuritis (ON), and correlate with disease severity.
  • Retinal vascular changes are present in MS patients, even without ON history.
  • Choriocapillaris (CC) density is inversely correlated with visual function and disability.
  • Structural OCT and OCT-A serve as noninvasive biomarkers for MS severity and progression.