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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a chronic condition characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry that persists for at least six months, significantly interfering with daily functioning. Unlike situational anxiety, which arises in response to specific stressors, GAD often occurs without a clear cause. Individuals may experience disproportionate worry about work, health, or relationships. For instance, a person might continuously fear poor health despite normal medical evaluations or...
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Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
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[Consensus of the International Interdisciplinary Expert Council on the treatment of comorbidities in pediatric ADHD].

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
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[Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults].

L S Chutko1, S Yu Surushkina1, E A Yakovenko1

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Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova
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This review covers adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), detailing its symptoms, prevalence, and impact on life. It also explores comorbid conditions and treatment options for ADHD.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasingly recognized in adult populations.
  • Understanding the adult ADHD clinical picture, symptom dynamics, and comorbidities is crucial for effective management.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive understanding of adult ADHD is essential for targeted interventions.
  • Multifaceted treatment strategies, including psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, are necessary.
  • Addressing the broad impact of adult ADHD requires integrated clinical and societal approaches.