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Tritordeum: Promising Cultivars to Improve Health.

Salvatore De Caro1, Antonella Venezia1,2, Luigia Di Stasio1

  • 1Institute of Food Science, National Research Council (ISA-CNR), 83100 Avellino, Italy.

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 13, 2024
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Summary

Tritordeum, a hybrid cereal, shows potential for healthier foods. Its cultivars, Aucan and Bulel, demonstrated reduced toxicity and better gut barrier integrity compared to durum wheat, suggesting they may mitigate wheat flour

Keywords:
Tritordeumcerealgluten-related disordersprotein-digested samplesproteomics

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Area of Science:

  • Food Science
  • Plant Breeding
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Tritordeum is a novel amphiploid cereal derived from durum wheat and wild barley.
  • It possesses desirable organoleptic, agronomic, and technological properties, making it a candidate for health-oriented foods.
  • Assessing its biological effects is crucial for food development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the biological effects of protein-digested Tritordeum cultivars (Bulel and Aucan) on Caco-2 cells.
  • To compare the impact of Tritordeum protein digests with durum wheat protein digests.
  • To determine the potential of Tritordeum in mitigating wheat flour toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Proteins from Tritordeum cultivars and durum wheat were extracted and digested using gastric/pancreatic proteases.
  • Digested protein samples (DPs) were applied to differentiated Caco-2 cells cultured on transwell inserts.
  • Assays included cell viability, monolayer permeability (tight junction integrity), F-actin microfilament organization, and ER stress markers.

Main Results:

  • Durum wheat protein digests (Provenzal-DPs) rapidly disrupted the Caco-2 cell tight junction barrier and reduced cell viability.
  • Tritordeum Aucan-DPs did not increase monolayer permeability, while Bulel-DPs showed only minor effects.
  • Unlike Provenzal-DPs, Aucan-DPs and Bulel-DPs did not negatively impact Caco-2 cell viability or cytoskeleton structure.

Conclusions:

  • Tritordeum cultivars, particularly Aucan and Bulel, exhibit a reduced capacity to induce toxicity and gut barrier disruption compared to durum wheat.
  • These findings suggest that Tritordeum possesses properties that may help mitigate the adverse effects associated with conventional wheat flour.
  • Tritordeum represents a promising alternative cereal for developing safer, health-oriented food products.