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Living will: Todays thoughts and actions.

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Euthanasia, or "good death," involves painless termination of life for incurable illnesses. This review examines euthanasia, distinguishing it from suicide and considering its legal and ethical implications, especially concerning living wills.

Keywords:
Advance planning of health carebioethicseuthanasialiving willmercy killing

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Ethics
  • End-of-Life Care
  • Legal Medicine

Background:

  • Euthanasia, derived from Greek words for 'good' and 'death,' signifies an easy and painless death.
  • It involves ending the life of a patient with an incurable illness, often through lethal injection or cessation of treatment.
  • Informed patient-physician decision-making and living wills are critical for patient autonomy and quality of care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a comprehensive literature review on euthanasia, focusing on its societal impact and legal considerations.
  • To clarify the distinction between euthanasia and suicide.
  • To explore the influence of religious beliefs and legal frameworks on euthanasia practices globally.

Main Methods:

  • Searched PubMed and Cochrane databases without language restrictions up to July 2021.
  • Included trial registration studies, hand searching, and bibliographic references.
  • Independent data collection, analysis, and evaluation by three review authors.

Main Results:

  • The review focuses on understanding euthanasia in detail, emphasizing its social impact.
  • Key considerations include differentiating euthanasia from suicide and understanding religious and legal perspectives.
  • Practical and ethical questions surrounding living wills and euthanasia regulations were identified.

Conclusions:

  • A thorough understanding of euthanasia's social and legal dimensions is essential.
  • Clarifying the concept of euthanasia and its legal standing across different countries is crucial.
  • Further discussion is needed to address the ethical and practical challenges associated with euthanasia and living wills.