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Related Concept Videos

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins01:03

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins

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For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
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DNA Helicases00:55

DNA Helicases

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DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
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The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

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DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with...
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Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

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A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
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The DNA Helix01:16

The DNA Helix

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Overview
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DNA as a Genetic Template02:05

DNA as a Genetic Template

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Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2025

Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules
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Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules

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Circular Single-Stranded DNA: Discovery, Biological Effects, and Applications.

Xisen Cao1, Linlin Tang2, Jie Song1,2

  • 1Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.

ACS Synthetic Biology
|March 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Circular single-stranded DNA (CssDNA) offers a promising, novel vector for nucleic acid therapeutics. This ancient DNA form overcomes limitations of current technologies, showing potential for genetic disorders and therapies.

Keywords:
applicationsbiological effectscircular single-stranded DNAdiscoverynucleic acid therapeutics

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Last Updated: Jun 30, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Research
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Therapy

Background:

  • Nucleic acid therapeutics are rapidly advancing, with numerous genetic drugs approved.
  • Existing technologies like plasmids, mRNA-lipid nanoparticles, and adeno-associated virus vectors face significant challenges.
  • A novel vector is needed to overcome current limitations in nucleic acid delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the discovery and biological effects of circular single-stranded DNA (CssDNA).
  • To explore the potential of CssDNA as a novel nucleic acid vector.
  • To highlight CssDNA applications in biomedical research and clinical settings.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review on CssDNA.
  • Analysis of CssDNA properties and biological effects.
  • Evaluation of CssDNA's potential as a therapeutic vector.

Main Results:

  • CssDNA, an ancient and ubiquitous nucleic acid, has been largely overlooked.
  • CssDNA exhibits unique properties making it suitable as a nucleic acid vector.
  • Emerging evidence supports CssDNA's potential in treating genetic disorders, gene editing, and immune cell therapy.

Conclusions:

  • CssDNA represents a novel and promising platform for nucleic acid therapeutics.
  • Its unique characteristics address limitations of current gene therapy vectors.
  • Further research into CssDNA could unlock significant advancements in biomedical applications.