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Updated: Aug 4, 2026

Labeling of Breast Cancer Patient-derived Xenografts with Traceable Reporters for Tumor Growth and Metastasis Studies
Published on: November 30, 2016
Protocol for transcutaneous tumor photolabeling to track immune cells in vivo using Kaede mice
Isaac Dean1, Bethany C Kennedy2, Zhi Li2
1Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, The University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Birmingham, UK; Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, SW3 6JB London, UK; Institute of Cancer and Genomics, The University of Birmingham, B15 2 TT Birmingham, UK.
Abstract:
Preclinical tumor models have advanced our understanding of the tumor microenvironment. However, the temporal dynamics of cellular recruitment and retention within these models is poorly understood. Here, we present a protocol using transcutaneous labeling of the tumor compartment using subcutaneous and orthotopic tumors. We describe the process of cell line implantation and photoconversion of tumors to differentiate newly recruited cells from those retained within tumors. Photoconversion enables tracking of both immune cell recruitment to tumors and egress to the lymphatics. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Li et al.1 and Molostvov et al.2.

