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Neural consequences of symptomatic convergence insufficiency: A small sample study.

Yuxuan Zeng1, Tamara S Oechslin2, Douglas E Widmer2

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Summary

Convergence insufficiency (CI) can alter brain structure, specifically the arcuate fasciculus. This study found smaller arcuate fasciculi in individuals with CI, suggesting neuroplastic changes related to reading difficulties.

Keywords:
convergence insufficiencydiffusion tensor imagingreadingsymptoms

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Convergence insufficiency (CI) is an oculomotor condition causing exophoria and reduced convergence during near tasks.
  • CI is associated with reading symptoms, but its impact on brain structure remains unexplored.
  • The arcuate fasciculus, a white matter tract crucial for reading, was investigated for CI-related changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural consequences of symptomatic CI on brain structure.
  • To examine microstructural differences in the arcuate fasciculus between individuals with CI and those with normal binocular vision (NBV).

Main Methods:

  • Compared arcuate fasciculus microstructure in 6 CI participants and 7 NBV controls using 3T MRI.
  • Utilized TRACULA software to identify the arcuate fasciculus and measure its volume and radial diffusivity (RD).

Main Results:

  • Participants with symptomatic CI exhibited significantly smaller bilateral arcuate fasciculi compared to NBV controls.
  • Lower radial diffusivity (RD) was observed in the left arcuate fasciculus of CI participants.
  • Smaller arcuate fasciculi and lower RD correlated with higher reported reading symptom severity.

Conclusions:

  • Symptomatic CI is associated with microstructural alterations in the arcuate fasciculus.
  • These brain changes are likely neuroplastic consequences of disrupted sustained reading, rather than a cause of ocular deficits.