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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We set new limits on axion-photon coupling using X-ray observations of a neutron star merger. This research excludes specific axion properties, advancing our understanding of fundamental physics and feebly interacting particles.

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Area of Science:

  • Astrophysics
  • Particle Physics
  • Gravitational Wave Astronomy

Background:

  • Neutron star mergers can produce hypermassive neutron stars, which are potential sources of axions.
  • Axions are hypothetical elementary particles that can decay into photons.
  • Previous constraints on axion properties exist, but there is room for improvement and complementary methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive new constraints on the axion-photon coupling constant.
  • To investigate axion production and decay in the context of neutron star mergers.
  • To explore the potential of gravitational wave events for probing feebly interacting particles.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized X-ray observations from GW170817/GRB 170817A, specifically data from CALET CGBM, Konus-Wind, and Insight-HXMT/HE.
  • Analyzed the photon emission resulting from the radiative decay of axions produced by a metastable hypermassive neutron star.
  • Established bounds on axion-photon coupling by comparing observed photon characteristics with theoretical predictions.

Main Results:

  • Established new, stringent bounds on the axion-photon coupling for axion masses between 1 and 400 MeV.
  • Excluded axion-photon couplings down to 5x10^-11 GeV^-1, surpassing and complementing existing constraints.
  • Demonstrated the formation of a photon fireball with a characteristic temperature below 1 MeV from axion decay.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides significant new constraints on axion properties using astrophysical observations of a neutron star merger.
  • The methodology is applicable to any feebly interacting particle that decays into photons, broadening its impact.
  • X-ray observations of gravitational wave events offer a powerful tool for exploring fundamental physics beyond the Standard Model.