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Development of a Smartphone-Based System for Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells Targeted Chromatic

Ana Isabel Sousa1, Carlos Marques-Neves2, Pedro Manuel Vieira1

  • 1Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

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A new smartphone system enables chromatic pupillometry, assessing the pupil light reflex (PLR) to colored light. This portable, accessible tool targets intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) for potential neuro-ophthalmological screening.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Chromatic pupillometry assesses the pupil light reflex (PLR) to colored light stimuli.
  • Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), containing melanopsin, are crucial for PLR.
  • Current pupillometers are often expensive and not portable, limiting widespread use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a portable and accessible smartphone-based system for chromatic pupillometry.
  • To enable targeted stimulation of ipRGCs using colored light stimuli.
  • To validate the system's efficacy as a screening tool for neuro-ophthalmological diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a smartphone-based system with a 3D-printed support and illumination system.
Keywords:
chromatic pupillometryintrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cellspupil light reflexpupillometrysmartphone

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  • Targeted stimulation of ipRGCs located in the perifovea.
  • Testing on one individual, followed by validation on eleven healthy participants with two LED intensities.
  • Measurement of the Post-Illumination Pupil Light Response 6s after stimuli offset (PIPR-6s).

    • Main Results:

    • The smartphone system successfully performed chromatic pupillometry.
    • A significant difference (9.5%) in PIPR-6s was observed between blue and red stimuli for both tested intensities.
    • Results align with findings from studies using full-field stimulators.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed smartphone system is validated for targeted ipRGC stimulation in chromatic pupillometry.
    • This portable and accessible system holds potential as a widespread screening tool for neuro-ophthalmological conditions.