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Updated: Jun 29, 2025

Identifying PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors with Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology
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Identifying PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors with Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology

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Anti-Tumor Potential of Post-Translational Modifications of PD-1

Xiaoming Xi1, Wuli Zhao1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.

Current Issues in Molecular Biology
|March 27, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of Programmed Cell Death protein-1 (PD-1) impact its function. Targeting PD-1 PTMs may improve immunotherapies for non-responders.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Programmed Cell Death protein-1 (PD-1) is a critical immune checkpoint regulator.
  • Post-translational modifications (PTMs) significantly influence PD-1's localization, stability, and interactions.
  • Understanding PD-1 biology and its PTMs is crucial for cancer immunotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biological information of PD-1, including its structure and signaling pathway.
  • To summarize recent research on PD-1 PTMs, such as ubiquitination, glycosylation, phosphorylation, and palmitoylation.
  • To explore research strategies for developing PD-1 PTM-targeting drugs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of PD-1 structure, PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway.
  • Summary of recent studies on PD-1 ubiquitination, glycosylation, phosphorylation, and palmitoylation.
  • Analysis of potential therapeutic strategies targeting PD-1 PTMs.

Main Results:

  • PD-1 PTMs critically affect PD-1 function and immune checkpoint regulation.
  • Specific PTMs like ubiquitination, glycosylation, phosphorylation, and palmitoylation have been identified.
  • Current immunotherapies targeting PD-1/PD-L1 benefit only a subset of patients.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting PD-1 PTMs represents a promising novel strategy to enhance immunotherapy efficacy.
  • Developing drugs that modulate PD-1 PTMs could benefit patients unresponsive to current treatments.
  • Further research into PD-1 PTMs is essential for advancing cancer immunotherapy.
Keywords:
PD-1glycosylationimmunotherapypalmitoylationphosphorylationpost-translational modificationubiquitin–proteasome system

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