Atypical Manifestations of Syphilis: A 10-Year Retrospective Study

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Dermatology
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Syphilis incidence is rising globally, particularly in high-income nations.
• Men who have sex with men are disproportionately affected by syphilis.
• Understanding atypical syphilis is crucial for effective public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the demographic, clinical, and laboratory factors associated with atypical syphilis manifestations.
• To review unusual syphilis presentations documented in medical literature.
• To enhance the diagnosis and management of syphilis.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of 307 syphilis patients diagnosed between 2013 and 2023.
• Inclusion of patients with both typical and atypical syphilis presentations.
• Statistical analysis to identify correlations with atypical forms.

Main Results:

• Atypical syphilis manifestations occurred in 25.8% of patients, predominantly during the secondary stage.
• Common atypical presentations included annular lesions and psoriasiform plaques.
• Homosexual orientation, syphilis reinfection, and high VDRL titers (>1:32) were significantly correlated with atypical forms.

Conclusions:

• Syphilis exhibits a broad spectrum of manifestations across all disease stages.
• Atypical presentations pose diagnostic challenges, potentially delaying treatment and increasing transmission.
• Recognizing unusual syphilis symptoms is vital for timely intervention and control.