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Reduced HDL-cholesterol in long COVID-19: A key metabolic risk factor tied to disease severity

Jamila Al-Zadjali1, Amal Al-Lawati2, Nafila Al Riyami3

  • 1Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.

Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil)
|March 29, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Metabolic changes, including lower HDL-C and higher ferritin, are linked to severe Long-COVID-19. These markers may indicate disease progression and offer therapeutic targets for long-term recovery.

Area of Science:

  • Metabolic Medicine
  • Infectious Disease Research
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Long-COVID-19 presents diverse persistent symptoms post-initial infection.
  • Metabolic dysregulation is increasingly recognized as a factor in Long-COVID-19 pathophysiology.
  • Understanding metabolic shifts is crucial for developing targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate metabolic alterations in non-vaccinated individuals with Long-COVID-19.
  • To correlate metabolic risk markers with initial disease severity.
  • To identify potential biomarkers for Long-COVID-19 persistence and progression.

Main Methods:

  • Controlled study design comparing Long-COVID-19 patients (mild, moderate, severe) with healthy controls.
  • Analysis of fasting blood samples for metabolic risk markers.
  • Collection of data on initial disease severity indicators.

Main Results:

  • Severe Long-COVID-19 cases showed significantly reduced HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and doubled levels of ferritin and insulin resistance compared to mild cases and controls.
  • Initial disease severity strongly predicted HDL-C and ferritin levels.
  • Metabolic shifts were pronounced in individuals with more severe initial infections.

Conclusions:

  • Declining HDL-C and rising ferritin levels in Long-COVID-19 are associated with initial infection severity.
  • These metabolic changes may contribute to the persistence and progression of Long-COVID-19 symptoms.
  • HDL-C and ferritin represent potential therapeutic targets and markers for preventive strategies against Long-COVID-19 sequelae.

Keywords:
Disease severityFerritinHDL-cholesterolIronLong-COVID-19Metabolic changes

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