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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray01:20

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The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
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Cardiac imaging studies encompass a wide range of noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques designed to visualize the heart's structure and function in detail. One such technique is echocardiography, which uses high-frequency ultrasound waves to produce detailed images of the heart, known as echocardiograms.
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Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and...
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Related Experiment Video

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Identifying Coronary Artery Calcification on Non-gated Computed Tomography Scans
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Self- vs provider-referral differences for coronary artery calcium testing.

Rebekah Lantz1, Steve Young1, Janet Lubov2

  • 1Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency, Dayton, OH 45409, United States of America.

American Heart Journal Plus : Cardiology Research and Practice
|April 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study identified predictors for coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores and found that self-referred patients reliably seek CAC Computed Tomography (CT) testing when cardiovascular risk is present, potentially enabling earlier intervention.

Keywords:
ASCVDCACCalcificationCoronaryHyperlipidemiaStatin

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Imaging and Diagnostics
  • Radiology
  • Preventive Cardiology

Background:

  • Coronary artery calcium (CAC) Computed Tomography (CT) is a valuable tool for assessing cardiovascular risk.
  • Understanding predictors of elevated CAC scores and referral patterns is crucial for optimizing its clinical utility.
  • Community-based initiatives may influence patient self-referral for preventive screenings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify independent predictors of moderate/accentuated CAC scores.
  • To compare characteristics and outcomes of self-referred versus provider-referred patients undergoing CAC CT.
  • To evaluate the role of community campaigns in driving self-referral for CAC CT.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective analysis of 2124 adult patients who underwent CAC CT between January and July 2019.
  • Comparison of demographics, risk factors, lab values, and prescription data between self-referred and provider-referred patient groups.
  • Logistic regression analysis to identify independent predictors of moderate/accentuated CAC scores and differences between referral groups.

Main Results:

  • Independent predictors for moderate/accentuated CAC score included chronic kidney disease (CKD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and coronary artery disease (CAD).
  • Self-referred patients showed distinct characteristics, including a higher prevalence of peripheral vascular disease (PVD), elevated triglycerides and LDL levels, and beta-blocker use.
  • Despite differences, CAC CT demonstrated statistical similarity in risk clarification for both self- and provider-referred patients.

Conclusions:

  • CAC CT is effective in identifying cardiovascular risk across both self- and provider-referred populations.
  • Community initiatives can successfully prompt self-referral for CAC CT among individuals with perceived cardiovascular risk.
  • Early identification via CAC CT may facilitate timely initiation and optimization of lipid-lowering therapies, contributing to preventive cardiovascular care.