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Observation of Subdiffusive Dynamic Scaling in a Driven and Disordered Bose Gas.

Gevorg Martirosyan1, Christopher J Ho1, Jiří Etrych1

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We studied a driven Bose gas with disorder, finding subdiffusion in momentum space. Increasing interactions lead to wave turbulence, revealing new avenues for quantum system research.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Statistical mechanics

Background:

  • Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) are quantum states of matter.
  • Driven quantum systems exhibit complex dynamics.
  • Disorder can significantly alter quantum system behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamics of a tuneable box-trapped Bose gas under strong periodic forcing and weak disorder.
  • To understand the interplay between driving, disorder, and interparticle interactions.
  • To explore the transition from subdiffusion to wave turbulence.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical exploration of Bose gas dynamics.
  • Analysis of momentum distribution and energy growth.
  • Experimental investigation of interaction effects.

Main Results:

  • Observed isotropic nonthermal momentum distribution with subdiffusive dynamic scaling in the absence of interactions.
  • Identified sublinear energy growth and a universal scaling function described by a compressed exponential.
  • Demonstrated a smooth crossover to wave turbulence with increasing interaction strength, characterized by a power-law momentum distribution.

Conclusions:

  • Subdiffusion in momentum space can be understood as a random walk in energy space.
  • Interactions drive a transition from subdiffusive behavior to wave turbulence.
  • This system offers new possibilities for studying driven quantum systems with disorder and interactions.