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This study introduces a new method to improve angular uniformity in diffractive waveguide augmented reality (AR) displays. The region geometry optimization enhances light distribution for better display performance.

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Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Nanotechnology
Display Technology

Background:

Augmented reality (AR) near-eye displays rely on nanostructure fabrication for progress.
Diffractive waveguide AR displays need improved angular uniformity for exit pupil expansion.
Current methods face challenges in achieving consistent light distribution across the exit pupil.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and verify a novel method for enhancing angular uniformity in diffractive waveguide AR displays.
To optimize the energy distribution of light interacting with gratings within the waveguide.
To improve the overall optical efficiency and uniformity of AR near-eye displays.

Main Methods:

Region geometry optimization incorporating light-grating interaction number.
Rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) and ray tracing for light distribution analysis.
Multi-objective genetic algorithm for optimizing grating parameters.

Main Results:

The proposed method significantly increased overall optical efficiency from 0.9% to 3.1%.
Angular uniformity at the center exit pupil position improved from 66% to 80%.
A functional model demonstrated the feasibility of the optimization technique.

Conclusions:

Region geometry optimization is an effective strategy for improving angular uniformity in diffractive waveguide AR displays.
The developed method enhances both optical efficiency and uniformity, crucial for AR display quality.
This work contributes to the advancement of high-performance AR near-eye display technologies.