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Updated: Jun 29, 2025

An Ex vivo Assay to Study Candida albicans Hyphal Morphogenesis in the Gastrointestinal Tract
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Cryptococcosis and Cryptococcal Meningitis: A Narrative Review and the Up-to-Date Management Approach
Zaheer A Qureshi1, Haider Ghazanfar2, Faryal Altaf2
1Medicine, Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, Bridgeport, USA.
Abstract:
Cryptococcosis is a fungal infectious disease that enormously impacts human health worldwide. Cryptococcal meningitis is the most severe disease caused by the fungus Cryptococcus, and can lead to death, if left untreated. Many patients develop resistance and progress to death even after treatment. It requires a prolonged treatment course in people with AIDS. This narrative review provides an evidence-based summary of the current treatment modalities and future trial options, including newer ones, namely, 18B7, T-2307, VT-1598, AR12, manogepix, and miltefosine. This review also evaluated the management and empiric treatment of cryptococcus meningitis. The disease can easily evade diagnosis with subacute presentation. Despite the severity of the disease, treatment options for cryptococcosis remain limited, and more research is needed.
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