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The presence of electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, or conjugating groups adjacent to a radical center, imparts electronic stabilization to the radicals. Examples of such electronically-stabilized radicals are triphenylmethyl, tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxide, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl. These radicals are remarkably stable and are known as persistent radicals. Some of the persistent radicals can even be isolated and purified.
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Chaotropic Effect-Induced Sol-Gel Transition and Radical Stabilization for Bacterially Sensitive Near-Infrared

Wen-Zhen Li1, Zi-Xin Wang1, Shi-Yuan Xu1

  • 1Interdisciplinary Institute of NMR and Molecular Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, P. R. China.

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A new hydrogel senses deep-seated bacterial infections (DBIs) and treats them with near-infrared photothermal therapy (NIR-II PTT). This intelligent material offers a novel approach for combating stubborn infections and promoting tissue healing.

Keywords:
NIR-II PTTchaotropic effectdeep-seated bacterial infectionsinjectable hydrogelorganic radical

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Medical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Deep-seated bacterial infections (DBIs) present significant challenges due to their persistence and ability to penetrate tissues.
  • Effective elimination of these bacteria and subsequent tissue regeneration remain critical unmet needs in clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel radical-containing hydrogel for sensing DBIs.
  • To utilize the hydrogel for near-infrared-II photothermal therapy (NIR-II PTT) to treat DBIs.
  • To explore the use of a chaotropic effect for hydrogel construction and functionalization.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a silk fibroin-based hydrogel (SFT-B Gel) cross-linked via a chaotropic effect using a closo-dodecaborate cluster (B12H122-).
  • Incorporation of 4,4',4″-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)tris(1-methylpyridin-1-ium) (TPT3+) into the hydrogel backbone.
  • Demonstration of the hydrogel's sensing capability through color change upon bacterial presence, indicating TPT2+• radical generation.
  • Evaluation of the radical-containing hydrogel (SFT-B★ Gel) for NIR-II absorption and photothermal properties for antibacterial therapy.

Main Results:

  • The SFT-B Gel successfully sensed DBIs, evidenced by a visible color change due to TPT2+• radical formation in the presence of bacteria.
  • The radical-containing SFT-B★ Gel exhibited strong absorption in the near-infrared-II (NIR-II) region.
  • The SFT-B★ Gel demonstrated significant photothermal effects and potent antibacterial activity against DBIs via NIR-II PTT.

Conclusions:

  • A novel intelligent hydrogel (SFT-B Gel) was successfully synthesized using a chaotropic effect for sensing and treating DBIs.
  • The developed hydrogel shows promise as a dual-functional material for diagnostic sensing and therapeutic NIR-II PTT of deep-seated bacterial infections.
  • This study introduces a new strategy for creating advanced hydrogels with unique properties through chaotropic cross-linking.