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In operant conditioning, the timing of reinforcement is crucial. For animals like rats and cats, immediate reinforcement (within a few seconds) is much more effective than delayed reinforcement. For example, a food reward for a rat needs to follow within 30 seconds of pressing a bar to be effective. 
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2025

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
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The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

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Attribute latencies causally shape intertemporal decisions.

Fadong Chen1,2,3, Jiehui Zheng4, Lei Wang1,2,3

  • 1School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.

Nature Communications
|April 5, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding how attribute latency influences intertemporal choices is key. Manipulating when information is presented can change patience levels, impacting decisions involving smaller-sooner versus larger-later rewards.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Economics
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Decision Science

Background:

  • Intertemporal choices, decisions made over time, are fundamental to human behavior.
  • Understanding the factors that shape these preferences is crucial for various fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of attribute latency in shaping intertemporal preferences.
  • To determine how the timing of information presentation affects choices between smaller-sooner and larger-later rewards.

Main Methods:

  • Five experiments were conducted using choices between smaller-sooner and larger-later rewards.
  • Attribute latencies were identified using mouse-trajectory data in the first experiment.
  • Subsequent experiments manipulated attribute latency by staggering the display of choice attributes.

Main Results:

  • Attribute latencies predicted individual differences in choices and response times.
  • Staggering attribute display causally influenced intertemporal preferences.
  • Presenting amount information first increased patience, while presenting time information first decreased it.

Conclusions:

  • Intra-choice dynamics, specifically attribute latency, significantly shape intertemporal choices.
  • Manipulating attribute latency offers a potential method for nudging decision-making in intertemporal contexts.