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Food Insecurity and Ideal Cardiovascular Health Risk Factors Among US Adolescents.

Nour M Hammad1, Julia A Wolfson2,3, Sarah D de Ferranti4

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Journal of the American Heart Association
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Food insecurity in adolescents is linked to poorer cardiovascular health, including lower diet quality and increased nicotine exposure. Addressing food insecurity is crucial for improving adolescent heart health and preventing future cardiovascular issues.

Keywords:
Life's Essential 8adolescent healthcardiovascular healthfood insecurity

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Adolescent Health

Background:

  • Food insecurity, defined as limited access to healthy food, is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease in adults.
  • Research on food insecurity's impact on adolescent cardiovascular health is limited.
  • This study examines food insecurity in relation to cardiovascular health using the American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8 metric in US adolescents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between food insecurity and cardiovascular health risk factors in a national sample of US adolescents.
  • To analyze the impact of food insecurity on diet quality and nicotine exposure among adolescents.
  • To identify specific dietary patterns and nicotine-related behaviors associated with food insecurity in this age group.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from 2534 adolescents (aged 12-19 years) from the 2013-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.
  • Multivariable adjustment to assess the association between food insecurity and cardiovascular health indicators.
  • Evaluation of diet quality using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 and assessment of nicotine exposure, including tobacco product use and exposure to indoor smoking.

Main Results:

  • 24.8% of adolescents in the sample lived in food-insecure households.
  • Food insecurity was associated with a significantly lower total Life's Essential 8 score, driven by poorer diet quality and increased nicotine exposure.
  • Specifically, food insecurity correlated with lower Healthy Eating Index scores, reduced intake of whole grains and seafood/plant proteins, higher added sugar intake, and increased odds of tobacco product use and exposure to indoor smoking.

Conclusions:

  • Food insecurity is linked to multiple cardiovascular health risk indicators in US adolescents.
  • Public health interventions are needed to reduce food insecurity and promote heart-healthy behaviors in adolescents.
  • Targeted efforts should focus on improving diet quality and reducing nicotine exposure among food-insecure adolescents.