Acute Aortic Syndromes from Diagnosis to Treatment-A Comprehensive Review

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Vascular Surgery
• Emergency Medicine

Background:

• Acute aortic syndromes (AASs) encompass a group of potentially fatal aortic diseases.
• Early recognition is crucial due to vague symptoms and the risk of irreversible consequences.
• Recent advancements have improved AAS diagnosis and care strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively describe the characteristics of AAS.
• To outline a methodical diagnostic and therapeutic approach for AAS.
• To discuss preventive strategies and optimize management through specialized centers.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature and clinical guidelines for AAS.
• Description of diagnostic criteria and imaging modalities.
• Emphasis on a multidisciplinary approach and centralized care models.

Main Results:

• A high index of clinical suspicion is essential for timely AAS identification.
• Prompt diagnosis and immediate, appropriate therapy are critical.
• Centralization of AAS patients in high-volume aortic centers with specialized teams improves outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Early diagnosis, understanding disease natural history, and prompt surgical intervention are key to favorable outcomes.
• Awareness of AAS is vital, as chest pain may not indicate coronary heart disease.
• Management within dedicated "aortic centers" significantly enhances long-term results and reduces mortality.