A Review of Medication Errors and the Second Victim in Pediatric Pharmacy

The concept of the second victim, described as the sense of victimization of health care professionals following the exposure to a traumatic, unanticipated medical error, was first introduced in 2000 by Albert W. Wu. Since then, the concept has gained immense traction and inspired the generation of assistance programs for second victims. With most second victim occurrences resulting from medication errors, pediatric pharmacists are at a high risk of experiencing second victim phenomenon. Second victims may experience both psychological and physical symptoms of distress often akin to post-traumatic stress disorder. Typical trajectories for second victims, as well as typical support needs, have been previously described, with several organizations responding by creating formal programs designed to support their staff in the events of traumatic workplace experiences. Most support programs involve peer-to-peer support, group sessions, and programs designed to increase coping skills. Additional resources are available for health care workers who do not have formalized support programs at their institution, although these are limited. Despite these resources, institutions across the country have room for additional growth in their support of employees who become second victims to tragedy.