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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Spatiotemporal encoding MRI in a portable low-field system.

Yueqi Qiu1,2,3, Ke Dai1,2, Sijie Zhong1,2,3

  • 1School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.

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Spatiotemporal encoding (SPEN) MRI enables undistorted 2D, 3D, and diffusion-weighted imaging on portable low-field systems. This fast acquisition method offers diagnostic value without parallel acceleration.

Keywords:
DWISPENdistortion correctionfield inhomogeneitylow‐field MRI

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Low-field MRI systems offer portability and lower costs but often suffer from image distortions and lower resolution.
  • Traditional MRI techniques may require complex hardware or lengthy scan times, limiting accessibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the capability of spatiotemporal encoding (SPEN) MRI for producing high-quality, undistorted images on a portable 110 mT system.
  • To evaluate SPEN MRI's potential for 2D, 3D, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in low-field settings.

Main Methods:

  • SPEN MRI utilized quadratic phase modulation to undersample the low-bandwidth dimension of echo planar acquisitions.
  • This method was implemented on a laboratory-built, low-field, portable MRI system without relying on multiple receivers.
  • Image quality and distortion immunity were assessed using various SPEN parameters and compared to conventional EPI acquisitions.

Main Results:

  • SPEN MRI produced largely undistorted 2D, 3D, and diffusion-weighted images of healthy brain anatomy.
  • Acquired SPEN images favorably compared to EPI acquisitions, even those with distortion correction (topup).
  • Achieved 2.5 mm isotropic resolution in 3-minute scans, leveraging low specific absorption rate and long TEs inherent to low-field MRI.

Conclusions:

  • SPEN MRI offers a robust and fast acquisition technique for low-cost, portable, low-field MRI systems.
  • It enables the generation of faithful 3D images and DWI data without the need for parallel acceleration.
  • SPEN MRI presents an advantageous approach for improving imaging capabilities in resource-limited settings.