Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

In vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
Complementation Tests00:49

Complementation Tests

A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
Introduction to Test of Independence01:21

Introduction to Test of Independence

In statistics, the term independence means that one can directly obtain the probability of any event involving both variables by multiplying their individual probabilities. Tests of independence are chi-square tests involving the use of a contingency table of observed (data) values.
The test statistic for a test of independence is similar to that of a goodness-of-fit test:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Editorial Introduction to the 2024 Special Issue on Open-Ended Evolution.

Artificial life·2024
Same author

The use of technology in the subcategorisation of osteoarthritis: a Delphi study approach.

Osteoarthritis and cartilage open·2022
Same author

The Effect of Social Information Use Without Learning on the Evolution of Social Behavior.

Artificial life·2020
Same author

An Overview of Open-Ended Evolution: Editorial Introduction to the Open-Ended Evolution II Special Issue.

Artificial life·2019
Same author

Maximum Individual Complexity is Indefinitely Scalable in Geb.

Artificial life·2019
Same author

Open-Ended Evolution and Open-Endedness: Editorial Introduction to the Open-Ended Evolution I Special Issue.

Artificial life·2019
Same journal

If Turing Played Piano With an Artificial Partner.

Artificial life·2026
Same journal

Discovering Partial Differential Equations With Neural Cellular Automata.

Artificial life·2026
Same journal

Book Review: Exploring the Boundaries of Life-as-It-Is.

Artificial life·2026
Same journal

System 0/1/2/3: Quad-Process Theory for Multitimescale Embodied Collective Cognitive Systems.

Artificial life·2025
Same journal

To Engineer an Angel, First Validate the Devil: Analyzing the "Could Be" in Artificial Life's "Life as-It-Could-Be".

Artificial life·2025
Same journal

Untapped Potential in Self-Optimization of Hopfield Networks: The Creativity of Unsupervised Learning.

Artificial life·2025
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

New Variations for Strategy Set-shifting in the Rat
09:45

New Variations for Strategy Set-shifting in the Rat

Published on: January 23, 2017

8.2K

A Procedure for Testing for Tokyo Type 1 Open-Ended Evolution.

Alastair Channon1

  • 1Keele University School of Computer Science and Mathematics. a.d.channon@keele.ac.uk.

Artificial Life
|April 18, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a procedure for testing Tokyo Type 1 open-ended evolution (OEE), characterized by adaptive novelty and complexity growth. It also identifies challenges and proposes unified approaches for advancing OEE research.

Keywords:
Open-ended evolutionevolutionary activity statisticsindefinite scalabilityopen problems in Artificial Lifeunbounded evolutionary dynamicsunified views of evolution

More Related Videos

Daily Transfers, Archiving Populations, and Measuring Fitness in the Long-Term Evolution Experiment with Escherichia coli
15:00

Daily Transfers, Archiving Populations, and Measuring Fitness in the Long-Term Evolution Experiment with Escherichia coli

Published on: August 18, 2023

3.3K
Author Spotlight: Understanding Microbe Adaptation Using Innovative Techniques for Exploring Thermophilic Evolution
08:11

Author Spotlight: Understanding Microbe Adaptation Using Innovative Techniques for Exploring Thermophilic Evolution

Published on: June 14, 2024

745

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

New Variations for Strategy Set-shifting in the Rat
09:45

New Variations for Strategy Set-shifting in the Rat

Published on: January 23, 2017

8.2K
Daily Transfers, Archiving Populations, and Measuring Fitness in the Long-Term Evolution Experiment with Escherichia coli
15:00

Daily Transfers, Archiving Populations, and Measuring Fitness in the Long-Term Evolution Experiment with Escherichia coli

Published on: August 18, 2023

3.3K
Author Spotlight: Understanding Microbe Adaptation Using Innovative Techniques for Exploring Thermophilic Evolution
08:11

Author Spotlight: Understanding Microbe Adaptation Using Innovative Techniques for Exploring Thermophilic Evolution

Published on: June 14, 2024

745

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Systems Theory
  • Complexity Science

Background:

  • Open-ended evolution (OEE) describes systems with continuous novelty and complexity growth.
  • Tokyo Type 1 OEE is foundational for Types 2 (evolution of evolvability) and 3 (major transitions).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a unified procedure for testing Tokyo Type 1 OEE.
  • To identify key challenges in studying OEE.
  • To propose unified approaches for advancing OEE research.

Main Methods:

  • Consolidation of five analytical methods into a testing procedure for Tokyo Type 1 OEE.
  • Isolation of the procedure from specific system complexities for clarity.
  • Identification of five critical challenges within OEE research.

Main Results:

  • A clear, step-by-step procedure for identifying Tokyo Type 1 OEE is established.
  • Five significant challenges in OEE research are delineated.
  • A grand challenge for Type 1 OEE is defined: achieving higher-order complexity growth.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed procedure offers a framework for testing Tokyo Type 1 OEE.
  • Addressing the grand challenge may involve pursuing Tokyo Types 2 and 3 OEE.
  • This work provides a unified perspective on different types of OEE and their interrelations.