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Viscosity

Viscosity

When water is poured into a glass, it falls freely and quickly, whereas if honey or maple syrup is poured over a pancake, it flows slowly and sticks to the surface of the container. This difference in the flow of different kinds of liquids arises due to the fluid friction between the liquid layers and the liquid and the surrounding material. This property of fluids is called fluid viscosity. In this example, water has a lower viscosity than honey and maple syrup.
The SI unit of viscosity is...

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2025

High Throughput Single-cell and Multiple-cell Micro-encapsulation

High Throughput Single-cell and Multiple-cell Micro-encapsulation

Published on: June 15, 2012

Increasing Fluid Viscosity Ensures Consistent Single-Cell Encapsulation.

Emile Pranauskaite¹, Valdemaras Milkus¹, Justas Ritmejeris¹

¹Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius LT 10257, Lithuania.

Analytical Chemistry

|April 22, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Increasing fluid viscosity in microfluidics improves single-cell isolation efficiency. This method ensures consistent cell capture for high-throughput analysis, overcoming biases caused by cell variability.

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2025

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Mammalian Cell Encapsulation in Alginate Beads Using a Simple Stirred Vessel

Mammalian Cell Encapsulation in Alginate Beads Using a Simple Stirred Vessel

Published on: June 29, 2017

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Microfluidics
Cell Biology

Background:

High-throughput single-cell analysis requires isolating cells for characterization.
Microfluidic devices commonly use microdroplets or microwells for cell isolation.
Variability in cell properties (size, shape, density) leads to inconsistent capture efficiencies and analytical artifacts.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate methods for circumventing single-cell isolation biases in microfluidics.
To determine if increasing fluid viscosity can improve cell capture consistency.
To compare the effectiveness of viscosity adjustment versus cell density adjustment.

Main Methods:

Utilizing microfluidic chips for single-cell encapsulation in water-in-oil droplets.
Dispersing cells in fluids with increased viscosity (40-50 cP).
Monitoring cell flow and encapsulation efficiency over time.

Main Results:

Increased fluid viscosity significantly reduced cell sedimentation.
Consistent cell flow within the microfluidic chip was achieved.
Nearly all cells were isolated with uniform efficiency, irrespective of cell type.
This approach mitigated biases associated with cell variability.

Conclusions:

Increasing fluid viscosity is a reliable strategy to overcome single-cell isolation biases in microfluidics.
This method enhances the accuracy of high-throughput single-cell analysis, especially for heterogeneous populations.
Viscosity adjustment offers a more robust solution than altering cell density for consistent cell isolation.