Extended Reality Head-Mounted Displays Are Likely to Pose a Significant Risk in Medical Settings While Current...

Area of Science:

• Medical Technology
• Infection Control
• Public Health

Background:

• Extended reality (XR) devices, including virtual and augmented reality head-mounted displays (HMDs), are increasingly used in healthcare for interventions and education.
• Their application spans intensive care, palliative care, and surgical settings, aiming to reduce pain and improve psychological outcomes.
• However, the infection control risks associated with XR HMDs in clinical environments are under-researched.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review existing literature on infection control risks posed by XR HMDs in healthcare facilities.
• To evaluate the efficacy of current infection control and cleaning procedures for these devices.

Main Methods:

• A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Google Scholar was conducted.
• Seven studies were identified and included in the review.

Main Results:

• Microorganisms, including pathogenic bacteria like *Staphylococcus aureus* and *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*, were detected on XR HMDs.
• Published cleaning and disinfection protocols for XR HMDs were heterogeneous and showed variable efficacy.
• Microbial load was influenced by factors such as device usage duration, number of users, and design.

Conclusions:

• XR HMDs present a significant infection control risk in healthcare due to potential contact with mucosal entry points.
• A revision of the Spaulding classification is recommended, reclassifying XR HMDs as 'Semi-Critical' in certain healthcare settings.
• Public health authorities must develop updated guidelines for the effective sanitation of XR HMDs to ensure patient safety.