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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Quantum defects in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are crucial for exciton localization, with potential in biodevices and quantum light sources.
  • The influence of local electric fields on quantum defect emission and control mechanisms remain largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate quantum defect sensitization by engineering a protein to undergo a phase change at a quantum defect site.
  • To develop a method for controlling quantum defect emission using protein conformational changes for biomarker detection.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a supercharged single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) for ligand-induced folding.
  • Conjugated the supercharged scFv to SWCNT quantum defects.
  • Utilized interleukin-6 (IL-6) as a model proinflammatory biomarker.
  • Performed quantum chemical simulations to understand the underlying mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Supercharged scFv-coupled quantum defects showed significant fluorescence wavelength shifts upon IL-6 binding and protein folding.
  • The protein folding transition induced a substantial local electric field change at the quantum defect site.
  • Quantum chemical simulations indicated amplified optical responses due to charge localization during protein folding.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered proteins can effectively modulate quantum defect emission in SWCNTs.
  • This approach enables sensitive biomarker detection and offers new strategies for protein biophysics studies.
  • The findings pave the way for engineering proteins to control binding signal transduction in nanomaterials.