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Ruoran Liu, Weike Zhao, Zejie Yu

|May 1, 2024

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Researchers developed a polarization-insensitive multimode interference (MMI) coupler for photonic integrated circuits. This advancement overcomes the polarization sensitivity of conventional MMI couplers, enabling broader applications in optical communication and switching technologies.

Area of Science:

Photonics
Integrated Optics
Materials Science

Background:

Multimode interference (MMI) couplers are fundamental to photonic integrated circuits.
Conventional MMI couplers exhibit polarization sensitivity, limiting their use in applications like optical switches and communications.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and demonstrate a polarization-insensitive MMI coupler.
To enhance the performance of MMI couplers for silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platforms.

Main Methods:

Design of a polarization-insensitive MMI coupler on a 220-nm SOI platform.
Utilizing subwavelength grating structures to create different effective interference lengths for TE and TM modes.
Theoretical and experimental validation of the coupler's performance.

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Main Results:

The designed MMI coupler theoretically achieves low excess loss (<0.24 dB for TE, <0.43 dB for TM) and power imbalance (<0.6 dB for TE, <0.5 dB for TM) from 1.5-1.6 µm.
Experimentally, the fabricated MMI coupler shows low excess loss (<0.64 dB for TE, <0.53 dB for TM) and power imbalance (<1 dB for TE, <0.85 dB for TM) from 1.55-1.61 µm.

Conclusions:

The proposed subwavelength grating-assisted MMI coupler effectively eliminates polarization sensitivity.
This technology offers a promising solution for polarization-insensitive photonic integrated circuits, particularly for optical communications.