Selecting the Appropriate Speed for Rotational Elements in Human-Machine Interfaces: A Quantitative Study.

Area of Science:

• Human-Computer Interaction
• Perceptual Psychology
• Graphic Design

Background:

• Rotation is a dynamic symbol in human-computer interfaces, crucial for interface and graphic design.
• Establishing objective speed benchmarks for rotating icons is needed for optimized user experience.

Purpose of the Study:

• To establish speed benchmarks for interface design using visual system preferences for rotating icons.
• To explore perception of simple and complex rotating icons across a velocity range of 5-1800 degrees/s.
• To determine just noticeable difference in speed (JNDS) and perceived speed for rotational icons.

Main Methods:

• Two experiments with 12 participants were conducted.
• Experiment 1 used a constant stimulus method to measure JNDS for rotational icons.
• Experiment 2 used a rating scale method to assess subjective perception of speed series rapidity.

Main Results:

• Just Noticeable Difference in Speed (JNDS) ranged from 14.9-29%.
• Key speed categories identified: low (<10 degrees/s), medium (180 degrees/s), and high (720 degrees/s).
• Complex icons were perceived as rotating faster than simpler ones above 180 degrees/s.

Conclusions:

• Speed perception is influenced by icon complexity and rotation velocity.
• Quantitative methods and metrology can advance interface design workflows.
• Identified speed benchmarks provide a scientific basis for designing rotating interface elements.