The role of iron overload and ferroptosis in arrhythmia pathogenesis

Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of programmed cell death triggered by intracellular iron overload, which leads to the accumulation of lipid peroxides in various cells. It has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases, including tumors, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. The intricate mechanism underlying ferroptosis involves an imbalance between the oxidation and antioxidant systems, disturbances in iron metabolism, membrane lipid peroxidation, and dysregulation of amino acid metabolism. We highlight the key molecular mechanisms governing iron overload and ferroptosis, and discuss potential molecular pathways linking ferroptosis with arrhythmias.