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Mariam Nersesjan1, Simon Carstensen Nersesjan2, Lars Pedersen3

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Ugeskrift for Laeger
|May 5, 2024
PubMed
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For acute nausea unrelated to specific conditions, intravenous fluids are as effective as antiemetics. If medication is needed, ondansetron offers the best balance of safety and cost, despite potential side effects.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Acute nausea, excluding specific causes like motion sickness or chemotherapy, presents a common clinical challenge.
  • Current treatment guidelines often consider antiemetics and intravenous fluid therapy as comparable options.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy and safety of antiemetics compared to intravenous fluid treatment for acute nausea.
  • To evaluate the risk-benefit profile of commonly used antiemetics.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing evidence on antiemetic and intravenous fluid treatments for nausea.
  • Comparative analysis of adverse effect profiles and cost-effectiveness of different antiemetics.

Main Results:

  • Available antiemetics demonstrate comparable efficacy to intravenous fluid treatment for acute nausea from various causes.

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  • Antiemetics are associated with adverse effects including movement disorders, sedation, and QT prolongation.
  • Ondansetron presents a favorable balance between its side effect profile and cost compared to other antiemetics.

    • Conclusions:

    • Intravenous fluid and treatment of underlying pathology are recommended as first-line approaches for acute nausea.
    • Ondansetron is suggested as the preferred antiemetic when pharmacological intervention is clinically indicated due to its safety and cost profile.