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Locally adaptive inversions in structured populations.

Carl Mackintosh1,2,3,4, Michael F Scott5, Max Reuter1

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Summary
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Inversions can aid local adaptation by linking beneficial alleles. Contrary to previous models, strong selection and bidirectional migration favor inversions, especially when they capture adaptive alleles.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary genetics
  • Population genetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Inversions are hypothesized to facilitate local adaptation by linking coadapted alleles.
  • Previous theoretical models focused on continent-island scenarios with unidirectional migration.
  • These models suggested weak selection favors inversion spread due to purging of maladaptive alleles and reduced linkage disequilibrium.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the establishment of inversions under more general conditions using a two-deme model.
  • To explore the impact of bidirectional migration and varying levels of symmetry between populations.
  • To determine how selection strength influences inversion establishment in different migration scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a two-deme population genetics model with bidirectional migration.
  • Analyzed allele frequency dynamics under varying selection and migration parameters.
  • Incorporated the probability of initial capture of adaptive haplotypes by new inversions.

Main Results:

  • In symmetric scenarios with bidirectional migration, strong selection favors inversions by increasing allele frequency divergence and maladapted migrants.
  • This contrasts with asymmetric continent-island models where weak selection is favored.
  • Relatively strong selection enhances inversion establishment probability when considering both capture and invasion, provided migration is not too high or too low.

Conclusions:

  • The conditions favoring inversion establishment are more complex than previously thought.
  • Bidirectional migration and symmetric selection can reverse the effects of selection strength on inversion spread.
  • Inversions are likely to harbor alleles with larger effects that experience relatively strong selection.