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Pneumothorax-I

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:

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Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Rat Model of Right-Sided Cardiac Remodeling and Arrhythmia Using Pulmonary Artery Banding

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Inadvertent Puncture of Dilated Right Ventricle During Transversus Thoracic Muscle Plane Block: Lessons Learnt.

A V Varsha¹, Shrinivas Gadhinglajkar², Mamatha Munaf¹

¹Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences, and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.

Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia

|May 9, 2024

Summary

Ultrasound-guided transversus thoracic muscle plane (TTP) blocks can aid cardiac surgery recovery. However, inadvertent right ventricle puncture is a rare complication in pediatric patients requiring careful TTP block administration.

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Area of Science:

Cardiology
Anesthesiology
Pediatric Surgery

Background:

The transversus thoracic muscle plane (TTP) block is increasingly utilized in cardiac surgery for enhanced recovery and fast-tracking protocols.
Ultrasound guidance (USG) is standard for TTP block administration, aiming for precision and safety.

Observation:

A case report details an inadvertent right ventricle (RV) puncture during an ultrasound-guided TTP block in a 3-year-old child.
The pediatric patient was scheduled for atrial septal defect (ASD) closure and mitral valve repair.

Findings:

This event highlights a rare but serious complication associated with TTP blocks in pediatric cardiac surgery.
The case underscores the need for meticulous technique and heightened vigilance during TTP block procedures in young patients.

Implications:

Careful patient selection and precise needle manipulation are crucial to prevent RV puncture during TTP blocks.
This case emphasizes the importance of advanced ultrasound skills and anatomical awareness in pediatric anesthesia.
Further research may be warranted to refine TTP block techniques in pediatric cardiac surgery to minimize risks.