De-Emphasise, Aggregate, and Hide: A Study of Interactive Visual Transformations for Group Structures in Network Visualisations

Analysts often have to work with and make sense of large complex networks. One possible solution is to make visualisations interactive, providing users with a way to control visual clutter. Although several interactive methods have been proposed, there may be situations where some of them are too specific to be directly applicable. We have therefore identified several underlying low-level visual transformations, steered by group structures in the networks, and investigated their individual effects on user performance. This may both facilitate the development of further methods and support the generation of new hypotheses. We conducted an exploratory online experiment with 300 participants, involving five tasks, one control condition, and five group-based visual transformations: de-emphasising groups by opacity, position or size, aggregating groups, and hiding groups. The results for the three tasks that were specifically referring to groups show a high usage of the visual transformations by participants and several positive effects of the latter on accuracy, completion time, and mental effort spent. On the other hand, the two tasks that were not directly referring to groups show a lower usage of the visual transformations and the results regarding effects are rather mixed.