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Updated: Jun 26, 2025

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Changes in visually and auditory attended audiovisual speech processing in cochlear implant users: A longitudinal ERP

Anna Weglage1, Natalie Layer1, Hartmut Meister2

  • 1Head and Neck Surgery, Audiology and Pediatric Audiology, Cochlear Implant Centre, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Germany.

Hearing Research
|May 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Cochlear implants (CI) alter audiovisual speech processing in the auditory cortex, with initial changes partially reversing after implantation. Both normal-hearing listeners and CI users show attention effects, but CI users exhibit distinct processing patterns.

Keywords:
Audiovisual speech perceptionCochlear implantCortical plasticityElectrical neuroimagingEvent-related potentialsTheta and beta oscillation powerTop-down attention effects

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Audiology
  • Speech Processing

Background:

  • Limited auditory input can be compensated by other senses.
  • Cochlear implant (CI) use alters visual skills and cortical processing of unisensory stimuli.
  • The impact of auditory deprivation and CI use on cortical audiovisual speech processing remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how auditory deprivation and CI use affect cortical audiovisual speech processing.
  • To examine alterations in event-related potentials (ERPs) in CI users before and after implantation.
  • To compare audiovisual speech processing in CI users and normal-hearing (NH) listeners under different attention conditions.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective longitudinal electroencephalography (EEG) study.
  • Compared postlingually deafened CI users (before implantation, 5 weeks, and 6 months post-implantation) with matched NH listeners.
  • Participants performed an audiovisual word identification task, attending to either visual (lip movement) or auditory speech signals.

Main Results:

  • CI candidates and users showed enhanced lipreading and altered auditory cortex responses (decreased theta power, smaller N1 amplitude) compared to NH listeners.
  • After implantation, auditory cortex response increased with stronger intra-modal connectivity.
  • Both groups showed attention effects on audiovisual processing, but NH listeners exhibited distinct cognitive resource allocation.

Conclusions:

  • Auditory deprivation significantly impacts audiovisual speech processing in the auditory cortex, with partial reversal after CI implantation.
  • CI users display distinct audiovisual speech processing compared to NH listeners, even with experience.
  • Attention strongly influences audiovisual processing in both groups, but cognitive resource allocation differs between CI users and NH listeners.